The poem Miniver Cheevy by Edwin A. Robinson Essay Example

The sonnet Miniver Cheevy by Edwin A. Robinson Paper The sonnet â€Å"Miniver Cheevy† by Edwin A. Robinson paints an intriguing image of a man so totally fixated on commended chronicled accounts that he disdains the current day. It appears as if Miniver Cheevy’s sentimental vision winds up turning into his defeat while expressing, â€Å"Miniver hacked, and called it destiny,/And continued drinking. † â€Å"Miniver Cheevy, offspring of disdain, Grew lean while he ambushed the seasons; He sobbed that he was ever conceived, And he had his reasons† This first verse of the sonnet gives a thought of the poem’s subject, yet we gain proficiency with this is definitely not a cheerful story. The section enlightens the peruser regarding a kid rewarded with affront, or not deserving of anything besides rather scorn in his life. During the second line the peruser discovers that, the hero either turned out to be exceptionally meager, or more probable, injury up beaten and worn while experiencing life. Miniver is a miserable and disappointed character, and the writer readies the peruser to discover why in the third and fourth lines. The subsequent refrain portrays one of â€Å"his reasons† to the peruser. Robinson discusses what Miniver likes, which happens to be history. He doesn’t like the age that he lives in. Miniver yearns for courageous fights, and times past when men utilized blades not weapons and ponies, not mechanized vehicles. In spite of the fact that the story starts with complete antagonism, before the second's over verse dreams of warriors give him motivation to move and happiness fills his heart. â€Å"Miniver murmured for what was not, And envisioned, and rested from his works; He longed for Thebes and Camelot, And Priam’s neighbors. † Miniver acknowledged occasions changed and the idea was discouraging to him, so he murmured and communicated discontent for the manner in which things changed. In the wake of a difficult day of work, Miniver ended up dreaming about the narratives he read. We will compose a custom paper test on The sonnet Miniver Cheevy by Edwin A. Robinson explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on The sonnet Miniver Cheevy by Edwin A. Robinson explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on The sonnet Miniver Cheevy by Edwin A. Robinson explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Clearly this character knew history, and would prefer to live in King Arthur or Priam’s age as a major aspect of a legend, than live in his present circumstance. He needed his name recalled everlastingly, a name that individuals would some time or another read about in stories and sonnets. In the fourth verse, the creator depicts fragrant names, absence of sentiment, and the absence of claim craftsmanship has in present day. In the fifth refrain he makes reference to the Medici, a name recalled by numerous individuals as rich craftsmanship authorities and financers of craftsmen. Robinson isolates the line about the loss of enthusiasm for workmanship and the line of his affection for the Medici in two distinct refrains, however they unquestionably relate. At that point, he talks a bit of truth that we hear no place else in the sonnet. When talking about the Medici he states, â€Å"He would have trespassed incessantly,† which tells the peruser he may have another issue in his life. Something about having an excessive amount of cash and influence would either make him be underhanded, or he feels that cash causes sin in people’s lives. In the 6th refrain he returns to negative musings about his life. â€Å"Miniver reviled the commonplace,† states Robinson as he discusses the character’s unremarkableness and how it maddens him. After observing a khaki suit, he feels nauseated with regular garments; he would prefer to stroll around in awkward iron clad protective layer than garments of his time. He makes an intriguing examination of a khaki suit, the run of the mill business wear of his day, to one made of iron which implied knights and legends in his verifiable memories. In the accompanying verse, the hero contemplates how awful a vocation he has or the manner in which he acquires cash, yet without cash and that activity he would turn out to be increasingly upset. Robinson at that point depicts Miniver’s most concerning issue. He thinks excessively. The entirety of his reasoning makes these correlations of his life days before, to stories and legends that he was unable to seek to look at. â€Å"Miniver Cheevy, brought into the world past the point of no return, Scratched his head and continued reasoning; Miniver hacked, and called it destiny, And continued drinking. † All appearances show Miniver as an informed man, yet living in a steady condition of sentimentality and wretchedness. The hero feels caught inside a reality that he doesn't need, and does all that he can to fix that reality in his psyche. In this last refrain, Robinson tells the peruser Miniver was conceived in an inappropriate period, a man this set on magnificence ought to have been brought into the world numerous years sooner. It appears he felt equivalent to numerous individuals have felt nowadays, and that issue concentrated on admiring and romanticizing about the past. This longing creates in such huge numbers of as an approach to get away from the present, more than really needing to live previously. Clearly Miniver was attempting to get away from his current circumstance and his method of getaway was liquor and dreaming.

Converse Target Market Analysis Free Essays

The Nike-claimed American sportswear organization has assumed control over its own circulation in China, moved senior showcasing staff to China and put Nike advertisement office Wieden Kennedy accountable for a crusade focused on â€Å"Love Noise,† a narrative film (just as an incorporated promoting effort) around one of the most quintessential parts of the music world: the excursion. Two groups, 3,584 miles In August 2008, two Beijing-based gatherings †the post-underground rock band P. K. We will compose a custom paper test on Talk Target Market Analysis or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now 4, effectively one of the most powerful groups in China, and Queen Sea Big Shark, a cross breed move rock bunch †voyaged in excess of 3,584 miles by transport for about fourteen days. Close by neighborhood groups in every setting, the two gatherings acted in six Chinese urban areas: Nanjing, Hangzhou, Changsha, Wuhan, Xi’an and Beijing. As the visit and story unfurl, nine highlighted artists uncover their own excursions headed straight toward self-articulation. The narrative was coordinated by Liu Feng, a movie producer who joined Wieden Kennedy in 2005. The program was made by the autonomous office with media-arranging support from WPP’s Mindshare. The two organizations likewise work with Nike, which obtained Converse in 2003. The narrative turned out a month ago and will be dispersed to customers who buy Converse shoes at neighborhood retailers through the finish of March. It’s a dangerous move to adjust Converse’s music-arranged U. S. procedure for China, in light of the fact that the country’s free music scene is still exceptionally little. On visit, obscure groups ordinarily draw in handfuls or many individuals, not thousands. China’s free music scene doesn’t have anyplace close to the mass intrigue it has in the West. It’s at the spearheading stage now, yet it is growing,† said Cheryl Calegari, who migrated to Shanghai as Converse’s senior showcasing chief for Asia/Pacific last January. Close ties with music world Converse has developed close ties with the music worl d for quite a long time. The Chuck Taylor All Star and other Converse shoes have been worn by music legends, for example, Sid Vicious and Blondie, and Converse made an uncommon version shoe for Kurt Cobain. All through our 100-year history, we’ve consistently praised workmanship, music and design, so it was a characteristic fit for us to be a piece of what’s occurring in China,† Ms. Calegari said. Prior to joining Converse in 2005, she worked with design brands, for example, Tommy Hilfiger and Kenneth Cole. Ms. Calegari showed up in China at about a similar time the Nike auxiliary ventured up its essence in the territory. It has expanded its showcasing speculation and a year ago changed from a permitting arrangement to a wholesaler model. Chat shoes are presently sold in excess of 1,800 retail outlets in China. The most effective method to refer to Converse Target Market Analysis, Papers

Top 10 Application Tips #4 Résumés COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Top 10 Application Tips #4 â€" Résumés COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog This is the fourth entry in our “Top 10? list to assist you with understanding the process of submitting your admission application to SIPA.   This entry is focused on advice regarding our résumé requirements. The first thing to take note of is that we require applicants to submit two separate résumés.   This may seem strange at first but I believe this entry will clear things up. Traditional Résumé The first résumé is no surprise.   You could refer to this as your “traditional” résumé and everyone applying probably has had a working résumé for some time.   A traditional résumé includes, but is not limited to, information such as: Positions held (employment and internships) Academic degrees and other academic achievements Volunteer, public service, political work completed Memberships in honorary societies and awards for service or leadership Extracurricular activities and particularly if an MIA applicant â€" foreign travel undertaken, including purpose and length of stay. As has always been the case, with this traditional résumé we do not recommend trying to keep it to a single page in length.   A one page résumé is more aligned with applying for a job.   This résumé is for graduate school consideration and the Committee encourages applicants to list all relevant information and to not use a small font or extended margins in an attempt to cram a great deal of information into a very small space.   A typical résumé in this format submitted to SIPA is three to four pages in length. Put another way â€" we like white space.   Committee members have to read several hundred applications and small fonts and cramped formats are very difficult on the eyes.   When it doubt, use 12 point font and normal margins â€" the Committee will thank you for it. On a final note, we do not recommend that applicants use graphics or non-standard fonts.   Let the content of your résumé speak for you.   The font chosen should be easy to read and graphics (other than bullets and bold face) do not enhance the readability of a résumé.   Common fonts that are easy to read include Arial, Calibri, and Tahoma. Quantitative/Language Résumé The second résumé will focus exclusively on an applicant’s background with quantitative methods and language learning/ability. Quantitative Methods The core curriculum at SIPA includes required coursework in economics, statistics, and financial management.   The Committee is therefore quite interested in the quantitative aptitude of applicants to our program.   This most typically includes coursework and/or professional experience related to mathematics, statistics, and economics.   Also of note   can be quantitative experience as it pertains to areas such as science or engineering. Unfortunately, academic transcripts rarely provide in depth descriptions of the actual content of coursework completed.   For example, a class labeled as “Principles of Economics” on a transcript provides little detail on how much focus was placed on the use of quantitative methods.   And with the large number of international applicants to SIPA, often times transcripts translated into English will just list a class as “Mathematics” thus giving the Committee little information on the actual content/level of math studied. Providing the opportunity for applicants to list detailed information pertaining to quantitative preparation/experience will allow for better explanations of past academic and professional experience.   The goal is to be able to allow applicants to list full descriptions of courses included in a course catalog or in the syllabus used in a class. Language Learning/Ability Proficiency in a second language is a graduation requirement of the MIA program but is not a requirement of the MPA program.   Proficiency is defined as the ability to use a second language at an intermediate level.   Academically this is defined as the ability to achieve a grade of “B” or better in an intermediate level 2 language course. Incoming   MIA students who speak English as a native language will be tested in a second language of their choice upon entering into the program.   Due to the intensity of the MIA program at SIPA, it would be quite difficult for an applicant with no previous language study to achieve intermediate level proficiency in two years of study.   The Committee therefore wishes to see at least elementary level proficiency in a second language when evaluating an MIA applicant for admission. If an incoming native English speaker passes the proficiency exam administered shortly after beginning the program, no additional language study is required.   If the grade achieved on the exam is not sufficient, to prove proficiency a grade of “B” or better must be achieved in an intermediate level 2 language course during the time at SIPA in order to graduate. For MPA students that speak English as a native language, second language learning is optional so it is not required to include language learning information in the second résumé.   However, if an MPA applicant does have experience in a second language we encourage them to provide this information because it provides us with additional information on your background.   Please do note that there is one exception to the language requirement for the MPA program.   If an MPA applicant chooses the Economic and Political Development concentration, second language proficiency is a requirement just like in the MIA program. For applicants that do not speak English as a native language, the second résumé will provide an opportunity to elaborate further on time spent studying English and other languages.   This can of course include academic study but can also include additional information not included in transcripts or test scores such as time spent living in English speaking environments. Details on Quantitative/Language Learning The second résumé is meant to provide applicants with the ability to provide detailed information which can include: Name/level/grade/institution pertaining to classroom courses. For classroom courses, a description of the course and specific learning objectives (best done by providing a description from a course catalog or a syllabus that was used for the class).   If it has been a number of years since you graduated, a description from a current course catalog found on your school web site can suffice. Examples of working knowledge of the subject matter as demonstrated in academic or professional settings. Tests taken and grades/scores achieved. Specific certificates earned. In the case of second language learning, the following information is useful: Information on time spent in a foreign country where the language is spoken.   Or, if the second language was spoken in your home country please provide the context (i.e. did you grow up in a home where a second language was spoken but your academic training was in another language?). Details regarding professional/volunteer/personal use of the language. Specific details/examples regarding writing, reading, speaking, and listening ability. One question you might have is, “If the course is listed on my transcripts or noted in another part of my application, is it necessary to include it in the Quantitative/Language   résumé?” The answer is yes.   It is okay to be redundant or to include the same information that might be listed in another part of the application in this section.   Seeing the information twice, but in more detailed format in the résumé portion, is what the Committee is seeking to achieve. You can view samples of this résumé by clicking here.   Do note that the sample is only a guide.   The level of detail you wish to include is entirely up to you. If you have been out of school for a while, do not feel compelled to spend hours and hours trying to search for old syllabus or text book titles/authors.   The point of the résumé is not to put you through some sort of time trial, it is meant to provide information on the core learning from the course/experience.   The example résumé was borrowed from an applicant that applied to SIPA while still in college, and is meant to only be a sample.   Simply provide as much information as you can and you will be fine.

The Special Education System On Those With Disabilities

Abstract: The special education system in the United states has drastically changed, but some are questioning where it stands; is it for the better, or for the worse? Many can agree that improvements have helped shape education Acts and school environments which, were proposed in meeting the needs of students with disabilities, but others questioned if it had, at all, started with distinguishing the purpose of inclusion, and if so, is it key in understanding the impact of the special education system on those with disabilities? In order to properly grasp the concept of inclusion, one would have to examine a series of documented research done on inclusion, and how it incorporates to a multitude of opportunities opening up to students†¦show more content†¦The controversy of inclusion being an ideal method is still being debated, and it has left the question of whether or not it has helped the mentally disabled/ill gain opportunities. Like all methods, it has to have certain criteria to make it work the way it’s supposed to. With that said, Colleen F. Tomko defines inclusion being as not just a process, but an action in which someone is included. Inclusion is supposed to make people feel like they belong and have a very important role in their community. Tomko explains that inclusion works in all sorts of environments; schools, church, and even your workplace. Therefore, it is a paragon for amplifying the opportunities created through the special needs program Methods: In this paper there will be an examination of students with special needs, whether that they be labeled as mentally ill or disabled, and whether or not inclusion has benefited them in any way. In the process of researching I will use developed methods such as: Case study to asses Acts and trials that helped better shape the special education program, evaluation research is also a method I will be using to contribute to the reliability of my sources, as well as using content analysis to determine if my sources provide valuable input for my study. With that said, there will be deeper examination of how inclusion works not only in school,

Compare Contrast the Portrayal of War in Dulce Et...

Tennysons Charge of The Light Brigade and Owens Dulce Et Decorum Est both explore warfare. However they each have significant differences. Charge Of The Light Brigade was written in the 18th Century and is about the Crimean War. It explains, in a very majestic manner, that fighting in a war is something every soldier should be extremely proud of. Sacrifices have to be made and bravery is an absolute necessity. Tennyson ignores the darkness and slaughter of war by emphasising the courage and loyalty that the soldiers have for their country. They do not show fear, even when they are attacked with weapons much greater and deadlier than their own. Dulce Et Decorum Est was written in the 20th Century. It depicts war, in this case WW1, an†¦show more content†¦The author now begins to tell us of the awfulness of what happens to soldiers who die at war, ‘and watch the white eyes writhing in his face,/his hanging face, like a devils sick of sin. Readers are about to hear another vivid depiction of what goes on at war. Owen intensely expresses the appearance of the dead body in a way, which is grim and distressing. Even including that the devil, who is regarded as the most evil creature in the world, is sick of wars appalling aspects. More dramatic images follow, ‘obscene as cancer, bitter as the cud/of vile, incurable sores on innocent tongues. Owen knows he has to represent the traits of war in such a shocking style so people learn the true veracity war. After the series of emotionally frightening events, Owen brings his poem to an intellectual end. He forges a brotherly bond with us when he addresses us as ‘my friend, and then exemplifies how we betrayed him because we have told ‘with such high zest/to children ardent for some desperate glory/the old lie: Dulce Et Decorum Est, Pro Patria Mori. Pro Patria Mori translates into ‘to die for your country so we are know fully aware of what the Latin phrase means, and we also realise how contradi ctory it is to Wilfreds account of war. Wilfred explains through his poem that it is wrong for elders to create a false impression of war with such enthusiasm, to naà ¯ve children who will no doubt, be the ones to fight if there was another war. Throughout his account, OwenShow MoreRelated Comparison of Dulce et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade3627 Words   |  15 PagesComparison of Dulce et Decorum Est and Charge of the Light Brigade Compare and contrast the two poems Dulce et Decorum Est (Owen) with Charge of the Light Brigade (Tennyson), paying particular attention to the writers’ attitude to war. The attitudes of poets towards war have always been expressed vigorously in their poetry, each poet either condoning or condemning war, and mitigating their attitudes in whatever way possible. I aim to explore the change in the portrayal of war before andRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est The Charge of the Light Brigade - Poem Comparing and Contrasting Essay1179 Words   |  5 PagesWar is a subject that often stirs upon many emotions with those directly or indirectly involved. It may bring tears, memories of suffering and loneliness, struggles, or victories. Such disturbance of peace has wounded and killed many souls. It is on the battlefield we see the most hideous side of human nature, for every soldiers only objective on the battlefield is to survive and win. Many people have opposing views about wars which may have been developed over time based on many factors such asRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est The Charge Of The Light Brigade - Poem Comparing And Contrasting Essay1156 Words   |  5 PagesWar is a subject that often stirs upon many emotions with those directly or indirectly involved. It may bring tears, memories of suffering and loneliness, struggles, or victories. Su ch disturbance of peace has wounded and killed many souls. It is on the battlefield we see the most hideous side of human nature, for every soldiers only objective on the battlefield is to survive and win. Many people have opposing views about wars which may have been developed over time based on many factors such asRead MoreDulce Et Decorum Est2365 Words   |  10 Pagesâ€Å"Anyone, who truly wants to go to war, has never really been there before† Kosovar. This not so famous quote, tells about how blind people were to the horrors and tribulations of war due to a force we call propaganda. â€Å"Dulce et Decorum est pro patria mori† is a controversial phrase used to describe the benefits of going to war. It has different translations but it basically states â€Å"it is sweet and fitting to die for one’s country†, this is just one of the many techniques a nation could use to shadeRead More Compare and Contrast Rupert Brookes The Solider with Wilfred Owens Dulce1470 Words   |  6 PagesCompare and Contrast Rupert Brookes The Solider with Wilfred Owens Dulce et Decorum Est. Although The Soldier by Rupert Brooke and Dulce et Decorum Est by Wilfred Owen are concerned with the common theme of war, the two poems contrast two very different views of war. The Soldier gives a very positive view of war, whereas Owens portrayal is negative to the extreme. Rupert Brookes The Soldier is very patriotic as Brooke loves his country and is ready to die for it. This perhaps

Courage Essay Free Essays

Courage/Coward essay For my character I chose Tom Robinson. He is one of the main characters and is the basis of the story â€Å"To Kill a Mockingbird. † Tom is sort of like the underlying hero in a way. We will write a custom essay sample on Courage Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now He brought the Finch’s a little closer as a family as well. I think Tom had courage because he walked by the Ewell place (knowing the kind of people they are), also for sticking around after the accusation and not fleeing to somewhere to hide, and finally because he was innocent for the crime, and didn’t fight back when they convicted him. Tom had quite a bit of courage to me for just walking by the Ewell house. Everybody in Macomb knew what kind of person Bob Ewell was. The fact that they lived at the dump is even more foreboding to go near their house. Not trying to sound too judgmental but that just sounds like a bad idea. So I do give Tom credit for walking by there as much as he did. â€Å"Yes. I’ve walked by there many times. † To me, Tom showed a massive amount of courage by staying around for his trial. At this time, many people would have fled and gone to a new place to lay low. Tom stuck around like a real man to await the judge’s decision. That takes guts. He could have easily of gathered his belongings and his family, then left and gone far, far away. â€Å"no quote. † When the judge sent the jury to go converse and make a verdict, Tom and everyone in the courthouse knew what was coming. They all knew Tom was going to jail. It was a one sided case from the start. t was one man against a whole town. I believe Tom showed a great deal of courage for keeping his composer and staying calm through the trial. â€Å"Mr. Tate left the room and returned with Tom Robinson. He steered Tom to his place beside Atticus and stood there. † I do, however, think Tom was slightly a coward for one reason. I believ he should have spoken his mind with more emotion and force. If he had shown his true emotions about the situation, he might have had a better chance of being let go. Emotions appeal to people and can alter the way they think of someone. Tom might have been able to change the jury’s opinions and he would have been home free. â€Å"no quote. † Tom Robinson was definitely one of my favorite characters of the book. He showed courage in many ways, these are just three I liked the most. To me, Tom was a good man, just doing a good deed and as the saying goes, â€Å"no good deed goes unpunished. † I don’t agree with the verdict at all. Tom was innocent. How to cite Courage Essay, Essay examples

Corporate Governance Principles

Question: What are the principles of Corporate Governance? Explain. Answer: The organizations are facing challenges in the business environment and the function of social responsibility means to facilitate and support the goal of the society. It is important for the organizations to apply the sustainable principles in the business. Woolworth is the supermarket chain in Australia and operates more than 965 stores all across the country and having more than 112,000 staff in distribution centers, stores and supporting the offices in order to provide the customers with quality services, convenience and value (Woolworths Online, 2016). The company understands the needs of the consumer and looking for simple, new ways to shop. The company has more than 3,500 stores all across New Zealand and Australia that span liquor, food, home improvement, hotel and general merchandise. The core business of the company is to provide financial and retail services to middle and upper income groups. The company main focus is to provide quality products to their customers and focus ing on policies, development and educate opportunities, recognition and reward programs, providing balanced work life and career opportunities (Elliott and Elliott, 2008). Main context Corporate Governance Set Solid foundations for management and oversight The corporate governance of Woolworth is to enhance the value of the shareholder and protecting the funds of the shareholders. The company is committed to ensure that the practices and policies is implemented in critical areas of remuneration reporting, financial reporting and meeting the high levels of compliance and disclosure. The organization requires that all the senior executive, employees and directors should act responsibly and ethically all the times (Epstein and Lee, 2011). Woolworth is governed by the board of directors and is elected by the shareholders of the company. Construction the board to add value It is the responsibility of the board to create value and implementing strategies to meet the goals within the framework. The board of director has established committees in order to exercise its responsibility for the corporate governance and the activities of the company. The committees are Nomination Committee, compliance, risk management and audit committee (Fifield and Power, 2011). Promote ethical and responsible decision-making The board committee includes the key responsibilities, roles, membership and composition that are provided in the statement. The main role of the board is to serve and represent the interest of the shareholders. The structure of the board includes majority of non executive directors and providing necessary depth of experience and knowledge to meet the objectives and responsibilities of the board. The board recognizes different skills, experience and backgrounds represented among the directors which are important to ensure the effective governance and decision making (Holton, 2012). The code of conduct is applied to all senior executives, employees and directors and setting out other things. It confirms the standards of integrity, fair dealing and honesty with all the employees and enhancing interaction with suppliers, community, customers and competitors. The code of conduct and the range of activities and programs all across of the organization designed to encourage and promote the accountability and responsibility for the individuals for unethical and reporting practices (Kieso, Weygandt and Warfield, 2011). The board has established the committee for sustainability in order to monitor the actions of management and decisions in achieving the goals of the company. The culture and diverse is essential for the success of the company. Audit Risk Committee Make timely and balance disclosure The audit, risk management and compliance committee play an important role to provide assistance and advice to board in relation to governance framework of the organization which includes internal control systems and risk management, compliance systems and policies, accounting practices and policies, external and internal audit functions as well as financial reporting of the company (Kieso et al., 2010). The responsibilities of the committee are as follows: Evaluating the effectiveness and independence of the external auditors Setting principles to recommend the use of external auditors for the non audit services Considering the external auditors to appoint at annual general meeting Approving the charter of internal audit and reviewing the compliance Reviewing of terms of activities and reference of the subsidiary organization and the joint venture committees of audit Approving the plans of internal audit Approving the engagement of terms and remuneration of external auditor Recognize and management risk The risk management committee performs the functions in order to assist the board to oversee the system of the risk management of the company. The review of the effectiveness of the initiatives and policies will help to determine the materials risks of the company (Kimmel, Weygandt and Kieso, 2007). Reviewing the disclosures in corporate governance in relation to management and recognition of the material business risk is the main role of the risk management and also the effectiveness and adequacy of operating, accounting and administrative controls use by the company. The risk management department reviews the material risk which includes exposure of the fraud of the organization (Sharma, 2010). The role of risk management committee is to review the adequacy of the provision for compensation of the workers, general insurance and public liability. The monitor of the changes expected for the business and economic environment. Corporate social responsibility Corporate social responsibility is one of the most important strategies that have been adopted by the company. With the implementation of the CSR, the company had been able to create goodwill in the society. With the help of the CSR it has been possible to create a positive sense in the society (Spiceland, Sepe and Nelson, 2011). The different ventures that they have been applied by Woolworths have been able to bring about a global recognition of the company. The different CSR attempts that have been done by the company are as follows- Being an employer of more than 198000 employees, the company provides great security and opportunity to the employees. The attempt helps to bring about confidence in the employees. The security and the opportunity that the company provides to its employees provide a mental and moral support to the employees (Stittle and Wearing, 2008). Being a client of thousands of suppliers, it was the aim of the company to be collaborative, fair and focused on mutual benefit. So the company was able to create goodwill among the companies that are associated with the company. Being an investment for 441000 shareholders the company offers a long term and sustainable value creation. This helps to retain the shareholders and create a positive influence among the shareholders (Warren, Reeve and Fess, 2005). There are different social works done by the company in the attempt to generate a good reputation in the society. The positive feedback that has been generated help to continue great feedback among the social people. The trucks owned by the company are non-polluting in nature. As a result the trucks that are being used are environment friendly in nature. With the help of the CSR ventures the company is able to create great reputation among the people of the world. So it is evident that Woolworths is maintaining an efficient CSR strategy to gain goodwill among the people (Winters, 2008). Ethics compliance The company of Woolworths believes in gaining the trust of the customers. This is done by acting responsibility and doing the proper thing for the people. Not just the customers but the company also maintains a good relation with the suppliers as well. The company is dedicated towards upholding the human rights (Wolf, 2008). The ethical sourcing policy revolves around comprehensive criteria of anti-corruption, fair and safe working conditions labor rights and environmental compliance. Woolworths is a participant of the United Nations Global Compact and the Ethical Sourcing Policy revolves around comprehensive parameters of human rights, anti-corruption and environment. The ethical sourcing policy respects and associates all related conventions of the international labor organization and the principles of the United Nations universal declaration of human rights (Zopounidis, 2008). The strategy aims to communicate a clear set of requirements for the suppliers and work with them to enha nce the working conditions for the workers and to protect the corporate reputation as well as trust in the brands. It is expected that suppliers respect and fulfill with the criteria that is set out in the policy and they will continue to work with the assistance of the suppliers that demonstrate continual improvement. Environment Policy Woolworth positively influences the chain of retail supply in order to reduce the carbon foot print and sustainability. The company is the leaders to make the trucks, stores and other facilities less energy and greener. The targets of the company are to reduce the carbon emissions from the stores by 40 percent by 2015 that means the emissions would be same in the year 2015. The current progress of the company is to reduce the carbon emissions (Zopounidis, 2008). The company has implemented innovative technologies in existing and new stores in key areas of air conditioning and lightening and refrigeration. The organization depends on logistic networks to transport groceries and food to the customers all around the country. The target of the company is to reduce 25 percent in the carbon emissions delivered by the company (Elliott and Elliott, 2008). As retailer providing fresh food is the aim of the company and making sure that the producers and farmers are using the water and the stor es also uses the water efficiently. Woolworth is the largest recyclers of the materials in the country and diverting more than 262,000 tomes of materials from the landfill. Woolworths Conflicts The conflicts within the Woolworths Company come to the sight when investigating the annual report of the company. The board identifies its accountability to ensure that there are apt policies in place to control the confidentiality of price sensitive data as well as ensure that the person do not benefitted by the inside information (Epstein and Lee, 2011). In order to mange this , the firm has inside traders as well as price sensitive data policies in term of are more restricted compared to the requisite by the JSE listing needs. The conflict of the interest policies need the senior management for declaring details of their firms interest as well as confirmation that they are in compliance with the needs of the conflict of the interest policy (Holton, 2012). Conclusion The Woolworths Company provides great effort to the sustainability of the company. The company provides great emphasis on developing effective CSR Strategies in order to mitigate the environmental, social, and legal issues, that help in making the company environmental friendly, social friendly as well as legally Compliance Company. The conflicts of the company can be minimized by the effective management strategies that help in minimizing theissues of the company. References Cinnamon, R., Helweg-Larsen, B. and Cinnamon, P. (2010).How to understand business finance. London: Kogan Page. Elliott, B. and Elliott, J. (2008).Financial accounting and reporting. Harlow: Financial Times Prentice Hall. Epstein, M. and Lee, J. (2011).Advances in management accounting. Bingley, UK: Emerald. Fifield, S. and Power, D. (2011).Managerial finance. [Bradford, UK]: Emerald. Holton, R. (2012).Global finance. Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge. Kieso, D., Weygandt, J. and Warfield, T. (2011).Intermediate accounting. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons. Kieso, D., Weygandt, J., Warfield, T. and Kieso, D. (2010).Intermediate accounting. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. Kimmel, P., Weygandt, J. and Kieso, D. (2007).Financial accounting. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley. Sharma, N. (2010).Business finance. Jaipur, India: ABD Publishers. Spiceland, J., Sepe, J. and Nelson, M. (2011).Intermediate accounting. New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Stittle, J. and Wearing, B. (2008).Financial accounting. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications. Warren, C., Reeve, J. and Fess, P. (2005).Financial managerial accounting. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western. Winters, D. (2008).Managerial finance. [Bradford, England]: Emerald. Wolf, M. (2008).Fixing global finance. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press. Woolworths Online. (2016).Woolworths Supermarket - Buy Groceries Online. [online] Available at: https://www.woolworths.com.au/ [Accessed 26 May 2016]. Zopounidis, C. (2008).Managerial finance. [Bradford, England]: Emerald.

Impact Of Reading And Studying The Bible Article Review Essay Sample free essay sample

In the research article â€Å"Home Run Research: The Impact of Reading The Bible and Analyzing the Bible on Biblical Knowledge† ( Filback A ; Krashen. 2002 ) . the research workers attempt to turn up a correlativity between pleasance in reading the Bible and retained Bible cognition. Specifically. the aim of the survey was to find whether voluntary survey of the Bible would take to more comprehension of Biblical constructs and figures. The research workers utilized the BCRT as the research instrument. the Bible Character Recognition Test. with a sample population of 103 participants runing between the ages of 19 and 68. The participants consisted of members of a multidenominational Christian-based non-profit organisation and generic voluntaries of the same organisation. After make fulling out the BCRT. the participants were asked to make full out a short questionnaire. inquiring inquiries about their degree of enjoyment in reading the Bible and demographics associated with instruction and formal Bible preparation. every bit good as the frequence by which it is read separately. We will write a custom essay sample on Impact Of Reading And Studying The Bible Article Review Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This was added to function as a correlate forecaster of whether or non voluntary reading led to better keeping results. The survey identified that voluntary survey of the Bible could function as a forecaster for long-run cognition keeping of Biblical information. The lone non-predictive factor identified in the sample was degree of formal instruction ( non-Biblical ) that could non be attributed to better Bible keeping. Those who voluntary analyze the Bible had significantly better tonss on the BCRT. Arrested development analyses were used to place the significance of ascertained correlativities in the survey and the deepness of possible comprehension. Hints in the research that identified thecorrelate method were the types of analyses conducted. every bit good as direct treatment of multicollinearity ( Filback A ; Krashen. 2002 ) depicting which factors were most connected to Bible content comprehension. This survey is of import for pedagogues. both in Christian instruction and secular instructions as it identifies that motivational factors are critical to guaranting keeping of read stuffs. Those participants that identified a non-voluntary Bible survey maintained significantly lower tonss on the acknowledgment proving. In add-on. the volume of formal Bible survey ( in old ages ) did non demo correlativities. which might bespeak to pedagogues that it would be necessary to excite battle with learning stuffs if long-run comprehension is desired. instead than merely trusting on insistent instructions of the same stuff. Rogers ( 2006 ) supports this impression. proposing that instructors should make a learning environment filled with rich and inventive scenarios to actuate comprehension. This research survey raises the inquiry as to whether a sample of persons who all maintain forced survey would hold significantly-similar keeping results. This survey could be conducted utilizing forced survey participants and find whether acquisition is scattered or straight correlated. Despite any inquiries originating. this research survey confirms that research is of import in educational psychological science as it helps society and pedagogues understand the drive forces behind comprehension and keeping of learning stuffs. It gives an penetration into the motivational and inspirational factors of instruction that can take to more engagement with stuff or place how best to construction a larning plan based on enthusiasm. therefore positively marketing content as a positive psycho-social concept to derive committedness by the scholar. Mentions Filback. R. A ; Krashen. S. ( 2002 ) . Home run research: The impact of reading the Bible and analyzing the Bible on scriptural cognition. Knowledge Quest. 31 ( 2 ) . p. 50. Retrieved August 23. 2012 from hypertext transfer protocol: //search. proquest. com. ezproxy. autonomy. edu:2048/docview/194726075 Rogers. T. ( 2006 ) . Imaginative and critical presence in the instruction ofimmature grownup literature. Too Wei Keong ( Ed. ) . Prosecuting Young Adult Readers Through YoungAdult Literature. Petaling Jaya: Sasbadi. Retrieved August 23. 2012 fromhypertext transfer protocol: //edlinked. soe. waikato. Ac. nz/research/files/etpc/files/2010v9n3art8. pdf Slavin. R. E. ( 2012 ) . Educational psychological science: Theory and pattern. ( 10th ed. ) New York. New york: Pearson. ISBN: 978-0-137-03435-2.

The Eerie and Bizarre of Poe Essays

The Eerie and Bizarre of Poe Essays The Eerie and Bizarre of Poe Essay The Eerie and Bizarre of Poe Essay she describes the relation between the narrator and old mans eye. She writes Madness is an important motif in the story as the narrator insists that he is not mad while detailing his act of murder upon man with whom he had no other problem than his ugly eye(Boucher). The reason why this story is so eerie is because first of all, the narrator is constantly stalking an old man at his apartment. This can be very frightening to the reader because this can actually happen. It may not be so common, but this is something that Poe wrote thats more realistic and practical. On the other hand, stalking someone because of the look of the old mans eye seems very strange. A lot of murders happen because of what people look like but focusing their hate on Just an eye is odd. Even by this little ascription is Popes story, he creates an image of how people can be still cruel to the smallest things. Unfortunately, the old man has to suffer because of the way his eye looked. It is clear that Poe writes an eerie story about the murder of an old man because of his eye. It has been shown that Poe is a man of strange stories. He wrote a short story about leaving a man trapped and left to die. Another story was about a haunted house and the revenge of a woman who was buried alive. Poe gave us the idea that we can never escape death no mater what we do. He wrote about the killing of animals and murders with odd reason.

Basic Security in Corrections Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Basic Security in Corrections - Essay Example The Department of Corrections is essentially committed to achieve public safety, sinking crime rates and making lives and neighborhoods safe.   Business Impact Analysis helps us decide which areas are important within the department of Corrections. It helps collect evidence based on experience of the skilled team and knowledge about valuable correctional practices and risk reduction strategies.  The first and foremost function that requires improvement would be the service delivery system. It would improve conditions in the prison and the Department of corrections as well. Also, the function that needs to be improved is the technology which enables better monitoring systems too for all basic securities. And all this hand in hand with an unbeatable infrastructure that can support all this. Business Impact Analysis’ actions. programs and services are specially designed to hold the Offenders culprit and accountable and to lower the risk of emerging new crimes and victimizatio ns. Basic Securities refers to all the procedures followed within an organization for ensuring safeguarding of assets, guaranteeing the precision and reliability of records, and encouraging operational correctness and observance to prescribed procedures. Internal Controls also includes the safeguarding of the Computer Systems in the Organization. Security is a rising apprehension because computer systems are now more complex than ever before. Specific security concerns arise from the abundance of PCs, LAN’s, and on-line systems that provides more than one ways of acquiring data from a source. Advancement in technology provides hackers with several new ways of safecracking. Important functions of concern related to computer internal controls generally include: organization controls, systems development controls, maintenance controls, documentation controls, foreign access controls, data controls, procedural controls, physical security, password security

The Houpu Herbal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Houpu Herbal - Essay Example The bark, houpu, though, has a more catholic application in traditional Chinese medicine and numerous devious formulations are made of it to treat lung disorders like coughs and asthma and intestinal ones like infections and spasms. Also, the houpu forms a major component of medicines targeting abdominal swellings and edema (Dharmananda, Undated). The active components of the flower buds lack alkaloids and none have been found to date while aromatics with their decongestant properties like monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes have been abundantly evident (Dharmananda, Undated). In contrast, the bark, houpu, has a more composite nature and contains numerous carbon compounds. The pleasant fragrance is attributed to two sets of non-alkaloids - the mildly scented biphenols magnolol and honokiol and the strongly scented triterpene eudesmol (Dharmananda, Undated). These latter biphenols and triterpene - magnolol, honokiol and eudesmol - are the main medicinal constituents from the bark houpu. Magnolol (2-11%), honokiol (0.3-4.6%) and eudesmol (>1%) vary from species to species and also from region to region. Modern pharmacological investigations have revealed that these three constituents have the following properties - 1) anxiolytic effects; 2) abilities to enhance steroid production by the adrenal cortex; 3) abilities to inhibit bacteria and fungi; 4) antioxidant effects; 5) abilities to reduce inflammation and pain; 6) abilities to alleviate seizures; and 7) active antitoxic effects against organophosphoric pesticides (Dharmananda, Undated). The bark huopu also contains some alkaloids - benzylisoquinoline ones such as magnoflorine, magnocurarine and salicifoline. Of these, the most abundant is magnocurarine at >0.2% of the commercial bark material (Dharmananda, Undated). Other trace alkaloids are oxuoshinsunine, anonaine and michelabine. These alkaloids are not believed to take part in the pharmacological action of the bark though it is believed that they do have partial roles in its antispasmodic effects (Dharmananda, Undated). Though it is settled among pharmacologists that the three main alkaloids are common to this species there is varying report of other alkaloids detected in trace quantities in the same or different sub-species. Thus, Rowe and Conner, 1979, report that, aside from the three above-mentioned main alkaloids, certain magnolia sub-species also contain other alkaloids such as D-O-methylarmepavine in the stem. Also, the sub-species evident in the Southern parts of the US contains traces of anolobine, N-nornuciferine, liridenine and candicine (Rowe and Conner, 1979). There is also report of the Southern magnolia sub-species containing the glycosides magnolidin, magnolenin and magnosidin (Rowe and Conner, 1979). Traditional Chinese Viewpoint: One classical medical text from China 'Shen nong ben cao jing' (Chinese Medical Classics, Pregadio, Undated) lists houpo as a '3rd class remedy' (Forrest, 1995). This is because though the alkaloid magnocurarine is useful in minute quantities it is toxic in larger doses and proves contraindicative for pregnant women. In contrast, the flower buds' extract is listed in the same text as a 1st class remedy and prescribed for women, including pregnant ones (Forrest, 1995).

Modern Construction Methods Sustainable Built Environment

Modern Construction Methods Sustainable Built Environment The term Modern Methods of Construction (MMC) generally refers to off-site and prefabricated construction. Over recent years the use of MMC has increased within the construction industry as Construction Companys look to develop quicker, cheaper and more sustainable construction techniques than that of traditional methods. Sustainable Technology has been incorporated into construction to preserve the environment for future generations. The term Sustainable Development was first mentioned in 1987 in The Brundtland Report as, a development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This got individuals thinking of ways to reduce the carbon footprint of buildings by reducing waste and increasing their energy efficiency. MMC has been influenced by the Latham Report (1994), Constructing the Team and The Egan report (1998), Rethinking Construction. Both reports criticised the UK construction industrys poor performance and proposed a series of changes that were necessary to improve the performance of the construction industry. The Latham report looked at innovative ways to streamline the construction process and drive down construction costs. The Egan report highlighted the need to move towards sustainable construction with the emphasis on prefabrication and offsite assembly. (Ross, Cartwright, Novakovic, 2007). MMC is now a primary method of construction for many construction companies due to the combination of skills shortages, new regulations, specific building needs and affordability. This has created an environment where traditional methods of construction are no longer the only suitable option to consider. (Kelsey, 2005) Through this research and adding to the existing knowledge already out there, it is anticipated to find out whether or not a sustainable environment can be achieved through MMC by comparing the advantages it brings over traditional methods of construction. Aim The main aim of this research is to examine and discuss whether or not Modern Methods of Construction achieve a sustainable environment. Objectives A number of objectives have been set in order to meet the aim. These are as follows: To investigate how big a role MMC plays in achieving a sustainable built environment To investigate the different methods of modern construction currently being undertaken in the construction industry To Identify and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of MMC To establish if MMC provides better value for money than traditional methods of construction To establish how the industry perceives MMC Outline Methodology of the Research To achieve the aim of the research I will be using mainly qualitative research. This will involve researching literature regarding Modern Methods of Construction from various journals books and websites. I will collect data by conducting personal structured interviews with a variety of different professionals within the construction industry to gain an insight into how MMC is perceived. The information collected will be analysed and be presented in tables and bar charts so it is can easily be understood. I will then analyse my findings and a come to a conclusion. Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction This chapter will give a broad overview of the literature associated with MMC. Fundamental aspects of MMC will be researched including an insight into the current methods being used within the UK today. This chapter will also compare MMC with traditional construction methods and how it is perceived by the construction industry, which will be reinforced through an investigation of a project that incorporated a MMC into its build. 2.2 History of MMC MMC is a term used to describe a number of construction methods that differ from traditional methods of construction. Other meanings of the term include off-site construction, factory built and prefabrication. (Ross, Cartwright, Novakovic, 2007). Off-site construction has been around for many years and can be traced back to the 19th century where it was first used in the Crimean War in the form of prefabricated timber houses and huts due to inadequate hospital provisions (Gibb, 1999). Gibb defines off-site fabrication as, whole buildings that are prefabricated and pre-assembled remote from their final destination and installed in place with only the minimum of onsite work needed before they are fit for use.(Gibb, 1999). It wasnt until after the First World War in 1917 that the UK government introduced prefabricated housing to meet the demand for housing. This off site approach was seen as an alternative to traditional brick and block construction to help cope with the shortage of skilled labour and materials at this time (Ross, 2002). Between 1918 and 1939 various new methods of building homes had been developed that were based on the traditional methods of brick and block. Over this 21 year period 4.5million homes were built however only 5% were constructed using what was considered at this time as new methods of construction (Taylor 2006). It wasnt until the end of the Second World War that prefabricated housing really took off in the UK as traditional methods of constructing could not meet the demand for emergency housing. Taylor noted in 2006 that, the emphasis was to supplement traditional building operations with methods of construction using industrial capacity outside of the building industry (Taylor, 2006). This approach of industrialised building methods was aimed at addressing skills shortages, to improve production, reduce costs and improve the quality of the final product. The industrialisation was aimed at replacing houses destroyed by the war but also to complete the slum clearance programme started in the 1930s. It was these influences that pushed the industry to consider off-site construction again and resulted in various types of steel, timber and concrete systems being developed. This continued into the 1980s where prefabricated housing was dominated by timber frame systems and new technologies (Taylor , 2006). Since then there has been a steady shift towards off-site construction as clients demand a better quality product, faster delivery and at reasonable cost (Gibb, 1999). However there is a stigma attached with factory based construction as people generally associate this method with the post war era where homes were built as a temporary measure to ease the housing crisis. Off-site construction is not just used for building homes it is also nowadays commonly used in the residential, health and educational sectors. Since 2005 more and more key clients and construction firms are now choosing to use MMC on their projects with it now accounting for 10% of the construction market. Richard Odgen chairman of BuildOffsite believes offsite will continue to grow within the construction industry and predicts that by 2020 it will have gained 20% of the construction market (Wright, 2010). This is partly due to Private and public sector clients and major construction firms starting to see the benefits of MMC at keeping costs down and delivering projects within shorter timescales. According to Nadim, Goulding (2008) off-site construction aims, to improve business efficiency, quality, customer satisfaction, environmental performance, sustainability and the predictability of delivery timescales. 2.3 Types of Off-Site Construction There are many different types of MMC currently being used within the UK however MMC only accounts for a small percentage of the overall value of the UK construction sector. This is due to the industries reluctance to adopt new innovative building techniques as new technologies usually require new ways of working and thinking (Nadim, Goulding, 2008). Many people who are currently involved in the off-site sector believe the time is right for the clients, designers and contractors who have ignored it in the past to now accept off-site construction and realise its benefits (OSM, JUL 2010). Ogden has spent the last 10 years campaigning to change the industries perception of offsite and he now believes the UK is on the cusp of change he says, We have been here many times before in a cycle where offsite has come up higher on the agenda, been discussed and then gone away again, Ogden says. But I think this time will be different. In fact, I dont just think, I know. Change needs to be adopted in order to meet the fierce housing targets and lessons can be learned from other countries like Japan where offsite construction is a mainstream construction method (wright, 2010). Ogden believes, the pressure to meet sustainability and carbon efficient/ neutral codes, will force firms to take offsite seriously. These new codes introduced around the world are aimed at preserving resources and achieving a more sustainable built environment. Ogden goes onto to say, I am sure that carbon efficiency codes will soon become law. It is not hard to see that using products that have been made in a controlled environment will do a better job at meeting standards. (Wright, 2010). The government is planning to spend vast amounts of money on new schools and hospitals in the forthcoming years. Peter Bonfield, Managing Director of BREs Construction Division, says: Off-site construction is ideal for the health and education sectors because you can fully fit out an operating theatre or school room in the factory. Then, during the school holidays, you could add new classrooms without affecting the operation of the school, or extend a hospital wing without disrupting the existing wards. (OSM JUL, 2010) this demonstrates the benefits of off-site construction on delivering major construction projects. The different methods of construction include: 2.3.1 Volumetric Construction Volumetric construction is also known as modular construction and involves the production of three dimensional units within a factory (Figure 2). Once completed the units are transported to site and stacked onto the foundation to form the structure (Figure 3). All internal finishes, services and furnishings are completed in the factory therefore only a small amount of work has to be completed on site (Gibb 1999). Depending on the design specifications of the units some external finishes can also be installed in the factory and the small amount of work that is required on site is to make good joints between units (Ross, 2005). Volumetric construction is considered to be most effective when used to construct hotels, student accommodation, fast food restaurants and hospitals where the construction of each floor is continually repeated as the NHBC states, Volumetric construction is most efficient when used for large numbers of identical units (NHBC, 2007). Gibb (1999) also notes it can be used to construct highly serviced areas in buildings such as toilets/ washrooms, kitchens, plant rooms, building services and lifts (Gibb, 1999). The method has only recently been adopted by house builders where a typical house consists of four units and a roof. Units can be constructed by almost any material however the most commonly used materials are steel, timber and concrete. Units are generally the same size due to transport limitations as noted by Ross (2005), usually less than 4m in width and, although unit lengths of 16m are possible, lengths within range of 8-12m are more typical. This is to ensure the safe transportation of units to site without being damaged. 2.3.2 Panellised Systems This method of construction involves building flat panel units within a factory and assembling them on site to create the buildings structure. The two main types of panel that are used are open or closed. An open panel system generally comprises of a metal or timber frame that is constructed in the factory then delivered to site where the insulation, services, windows and internal finishes are installed (Figure 4). A closed panel system differs from an open panel system as it can also be made from concrete and normally has windows, services, internal finishes and external finishes fitted in the factory before delivery to site (Figure 5) (NHBC, 2006). 2.3.3 Hybrid Construction This method of construction combines panellised and volumetric methods that are constructed in a factory and transported to site. Hybrid can also be referred to as pods and used for highly serviced areas such as kitchens and bathrooms within offices, hotels and student accommodation (Gibb, Pendlebury, 2006). The pods are delivered to site with all services and fittings in place ready to be installed (Figure 5). This reduces the level of trades needed compared with other components of the building. The Hybrid approach brings flexibility to the development and reduces the uniformity of design (Taylor, Fisher, Wamuziri, 2009). 2.3.4 Sub-assemblies and components This method covers items that are not commonly considered as off-site manufacturing but applies Sub-assemblies or components that have been innovatively factory fabricated. Ross (2005) defines this method as, items that are not full systems, but which use factory made components either within manufactured structures or within otherwise traditionally built structures. However traditional components such as windows and doors do not constitute modern methods of construction as they are usually used in all types of construction (NHBC, 2007). The main categories sub-assemblies and components fall under are floor and roof construction, pre-fabricated foundations, wiring looms and prefabricated plumbing (Figure 6).

A Language of Learning

Step 1: Have students login in to achieve 3000 Step 2: Have students find the article A Language of Learning. It should be one of the options on their main screen. If it is not there, have the student search the title and it should pop up. Step 3: Give the students 3 – 5 minutes to read and answer the before reading poll on their Chromebook. -4762544450Before reading pollIn parts of Africa, kids speak one language at home, but they are taught using another language at school.  What do you think?Kids should be taught in school using the same language they speak at home. Agree? Disagree? Explain why you voted the way you did. 0Before reading pollIn parts of Africa, kids speak one language at home, but they are taught using another language at school.  What do you think?Kids should be taught in school using the same language they speak at home.Agree? Disagree? Explain why you voted the way you did. Step 4: Have a quick 3 – 5 minute class discussion about the poll question. Also explain the main idea chart to the students and inform them to fill out the chart as they are reading the article. 476250054800500 Step 5: Have students read the article. Once students have read the article make sure that they have answered the multiple choice questions located in the â€Å"activity† tab. The students' first responses are what Achieve 3000 will use to determine if their reading level is improving. ** As students are answering the multiple choice questions, have them click the button. This will allow them to look at the article at the same time as answering the questions. It will place both side by side. Step 6: Have a quick 3-5 minute class discussion and see if the students' opinion to the before reading poll changed. If so, why did it change? Step 7: With the remaining time have the students choose articles of their choice to complete. Step 8: With their selected article have the students complete the same process as before all on their own. Students should briefly answer the pre-reading question, read the article while filling out their main idea chart, and then answer their multiple choice questions.

Bullying at Workplace

The use of harmful communication at workplace is of international concern. In various European countries and Australia, legislators have ratified and enforced laws that warn employers against using relationships that causes suffering and discomfort in the workplace (Namie & Namie, 2003). In England and the United States, laws have been propagated in an effort to afford just, safe and secure work conditions. These regulations are enforced through associations and groups responsible for safety and health of employees and agencies liable for defending against intolerance.In the U. S.,  for example regulations have been passed in the majority of states protecting workers from harassment, assault, sexual harassment, discrimination, annoyance and stalking. (Vega & Comer, 2005) At the same time, a number of recent studies suggest that exposure to moral harassment at work is a serious international problem. It is known by different names in different places, bullying in England, murahachib u or ijime in Japan and mobbing in the USA. Differing concepts have been in use in different European countries, such as, ‘moral harassment', ‘psychological terror' and ‘victimisation'.(Einarsen et al. , 2002) Though, they all seem to refer to the same phenomenon, specifically the â€Å"systematic mistreatment of a subordinate, a colleague, or a superior, which, if continued, may cause severe social, psychological and psychosomatic problems in the victim. Exposure to such treatment has been claimed to be a more crippling and devastating problem for employees than all other kinds of work-related stress put together, and is seen by many researchers and targets alike as an extreme type of social stress at work† (Einarsen et al., 2002, p. 3) Nevertheless, workers still complain that they are intimidated, abused verbally, and, on the whole, made to feel inadequate (Daniel, 2002). Circumstances in which workers are subjected to oral assaults and to intimidating an d harassing behaviours take place regularly in organizations (Namie & Namie, 2003). Confrontations that have non-fatal consequences leave workers irritated; some quit their employments or develop foremost problems with health.Scholars who recently began investigating these behaviours at workplace infer that the constant and deliberate verbal violence coupled with scorn or threatening and harassing strategies cause physical and psychological harm which they consider as a complicated phenomenon—workplace bullying (Davenport et al. , 2002). It is estimated that as many as 8-10% of European employees may suffer from exposure to bullying and harassment at work. It prevails in both private and public organisations and finds its victims among men and women alike.Studies also show that exposure to bullying at work is a severe source of stress at work and may be a crippling and devastating problem for those exposed. (Tehrani, 2001) A victim of bullying at work seems to produce severe emotional reactions such as fear, anxiety, helplessness, depression and shock. It appears to alter the victims’ perceptions of their work-environment to one of threat, danger, insecurity, and self-questioning, which may result in pervasive emotional, psychosomatic and psychiatric problems.Moral harassment also has negative effects on the organisation and lowers productivity in the workplace. (Vega & Comer, 2005) Researchers implemented the term â€Å"workplace bullying† from their counterparts in Europe, England, Australia, Canada, and other states worldwide where research has led to legislative and legal intrusions to prevent and highlight workplace bullying. Though, American and Japanese researchers have been slower than their colleagues worldwide to examine the nature of workplace bullying.Although research into psychological and emotional problems at workplace in Japan and America has led to legislative and legal acts to manage aggression, stalking, sexual harassme nt, and discrimination, workplace bullying has not been accepted in America and Japan as a special phenomenon. Consequently, legislative field in these countries concerning workplace abuse issues are underdeveloped. (Vogel, 2002) There are numerous definitions of workplace bullying; the one used at this point is â€Å"unwanted, offensive, humiliating, undermining behaviour towards an individual or groups of employees.Such persistently malicious attacks on personal or professional performance are typically unpredictable, irrational, and unfair. This abuse of power or position can cause such chronic stress and anxiety that people gradually lose belief in themselves, suffering physical ill health and mental distress as a result† (Rayner, et al. , 2002, p. xi). Bullying refers to all situations where one or more people feel subjected to negative behaviour from others at work over a period of time and in situations where, for different reasons, they are unable to defend themselves against these actions.Typically, a victim is constantly teased, pursued, badgered and insulted and perceives that he or she has little recourse to retaliate in kind. (The Mobbing Encyclopaedia, 2006) We may distinguish between work-related bullying such as being exposed to unreasonable deadlines, unmanageable workloads or other kinds of behaviour that make the work situation difficult for the victim, and bullying that is primarily related to the person, such as insulting remarks, excessive teasing, gossip and rumours, social isolation and exclusion. This kind of behaviour is common and has been experienced by most people at work from time to time.As a single episode in a positive social climate, such actions may even be taken to be harmless. However, when behaviour that is perceived as unwanted by the recipient, is systematically and continually aimed at a particular person, and especially in a situation were the victim feels defenceless against the actions or the people performing them, it becomes an act of moral harassment. (The Mobbing Encyclopaedia, 2006) In the recent past three countries in the EU – Sweden, Belgium and France have enacted legislation to counter the incidence of moral harassment and more countries are expected to follow their lead.In this research assignment, the reasons and incidence of moral harassment are examined in different cultures, countries and legal systems to assess the current scenario, measures currently in place as well as those proposed to counter the problem, both within and outside the legal framework and possible solutions and measure, which could help in countering the issue. The countries chosen for the assignment are Britain, Sweden, France and Japan. All of these countries are developed and industrialised nations with democratic political systems, strong legal frameworks, emancipated work cultures and progressive thinking.Two of the chosen countries, namely Sweden and France have decided to introduce legislat ion to check the menace whereas the other two have not, possibly feeling it more appropriate to term it a social issue that can be solved through awareness, dialogue and discussion. Again Japan has a tradition and work culture very different from the other three and this contributes to dissimilarities in both origin and response to the issue of harassment in the workplace. It is hoped that this paper will succeed in examining the issue in detail and throw some fresh and engaging perspectives on this annoying social malaise.Background, Definitions and Legal Overview Background Moral harassment in the workplace is a global problem and exists in some form or other in all workplaces across continents and nationalities. The problem was considered commonplace even in 70’s and it was only at the initiative of Scandinavian countries like Sweden and Norway, that the matter started receiving international attention. The British call the phenomenon bullying, a rather innocuous term hist orically linked to students in public schools being asked to run errands for their seniors.The problem is however not restricted to schools any longer. (Tehrani, 2001) In the United States it is known as mobbing, again a very unrepresentative and confusing term. Persecutors do join up sometimes to harass in groups or â€Å"mobs†, but harassment also happens in many one to one situations. The ramifications of moral harassment are thus far more extensive and represent a serious and vexing social problem, which needs eradication from civilised society. (Olweus, 2003) Workplace bullying has yet to become a regularly utilized term in the U. S.workplace or as a form of mistreatment from which American statutory law provides worker protection (Yamada, 2000). Unlike sexual harassment, which is defined by statutory and case law (Dougherty & Smythe, 2004), bullying is without a specific, unified vernacular and is often relegated to the schoolyard (Olweus, 2003). The connection to schoo lyard bullying can be stigmatising through association with childishness or weakness. Since people organize, structure, and create their experiences, interactions and realities through language (Spender, 1984), the absence of agreed upon terminology frustrates U.S. workers' efforts to name and make sense of these experiences and may contribute to their reported sense of feeling â€Å"crazy† (Tracy et al. , 2004). Workplace bullying, as a unique phenomenon, is also referred to as mobbing (Davenport et al. , 2002), harassment (Bjorkqvist et al. , 1994), psychological terror (Leymann, 1996), emotional abuse (Keashly, 2001), and victimization (Einarsen & Raknes, 1997). Mobbing, a term originating in Swedish research (Leymann, 1990), initially denoted numerous bullies singling out one person, but this distinction has since fallen away (Davenport et al., 2002). Over time, the two central terms bullying and mobbing have come to indicate virtually the same phenomenon. In actual fact workplace harassment is an omnibus list of unfair and uncalled for persecution in the workplace that can take many forms in its expression and execution. It is not limited to sexual harassment, per se, though sexual harassment is a major component of the harassment that goes on in offices and other establishments, worldwide. It could relate to and be caused because of sex, religion, creed, ethnicity, physical appearance or just plain dislike.It is a form of offensive treatment or behaviour, which to a reasonable person creates an intimidating, hostile or abusive work environment. It may be sexual, racial, based on gender, national origin, age, disability, religion or a person's sexual orientation. It may also encompass other forms of hostile, intimidating, threatening, humiliating or violent behaviour, which are offensive or intimidatory in nature. The central characteristics that differentiate workplace bullying from other negative social interactions at work are persistence (Mikke lsen & Einarsen, 2001), patterned negative acts (Einarsen et al., 2002), widespread harm (Davenport et al. , 2002), and escalation (Lutgen-Sandvik, 2003). Furthermore, bullying is linked to extremely hostile work environments (Salin, 2003); these environments are most likely both the medium and the outcome of bullying. That is, bullying is more likely to emerge in hostile work environments and also contributes to such environments (Crawford, 2001). Many researchers seek to differentiate workplace bullying from sexual and racial harassment (Leymann, 1996).Adams and Crawford (1992) expressly state that â€Å"although some people will insist otherwise, bullying at work is separate from the recognised problems of sexual harassment or racism† (p. 10). Others claim that the key legal issues that â€Å"distinguishes sexual harassment from bullying is that†¦ harassment is somehow based on gender†¦ and that men and women are treated differently† (Pryor & Fitzgerald, 2 003, p. 80). On the other hand, researchers may seek legitimacy for the construct of workplace bullying by closely linking it to racial or sexual harassment (Randall, 2001).For example, Einarsen and colleagues (1994) argue that, â€Å"sexual and racial harassment represent different aspects of the same problem† (Lee, 2001, p. 208). Lee (2001) argues â€Å"however, if sexual harassment and racial harassment are defined as only types of bullying, this might undermine the specificity and visibility of sexual and racial harassment† (p. 209). Interactions exist between sexual harassment, racial harassment, and workplace bullying; nevertheless, it seems important not to conflate types of harassment in a way that obscures the distinctive features of each (Lee, 2001). DefinitionsDefinitions of workplace bullying (or mobbing) vary by author, country and academic discipline, and there is no universally agreed-upon definition. There are, however, more similarities than difference s in present definitions of bullying as a unique phenomenon. This is a partial rendering of researchers who study workplace bullying, but provides the ways in which the foundational scholars and professionals have framed and defined the issue. Other researchers generally adopt one or more elements of following definitions. Consequently providing a more extensive list would potentially be more repetitive than revealing.European Parliament defines bullying as, â€Å"A lack of humanity at the workplace, personal experiences of bullying at work, a feeling of exclusion from the social community there, encountering irreconcilable demands at work and not having the wherewithal to meet these demands. † On the other hand, International Labour Office definition states that bullying is qualified as: â€Å"Offensive behaviour through vindictive, cruel, malicious or humiliating attempts to undermine an individual or groups of employees †¦ It involves ganging up on or ‘mobbingà ¢â‚¬â„¢ a targeted employee and subjecting that person to psychological harassment.It includes constant negative remarks or criticisms, isolating a person from social contacts and gossiping or spreading false information. † Rayner et al. (2002) state that bullying is â€Å"unwanted, offensive, humiliating, undermining behaviour towards an individual or groups of employees. Persistent malicious attacks on personal or professional performance that are typically unpredictable, irrational and often unfair. This abuse of power can cause such chronic stress and anxiety that people gradually lose belief in themselves, suffering physical ill health and mental distress as a result† (Rayner et al., 2002, p. xi) They also argue that bullying is â€Å"a situation where one or several individuals persistently over a period of time perceive themselves to be on the receiving end of negative actions from one or several persons, in a situation where the target of bullying has difficult y defending him or herself against these actions. We will not refer to a one-off incident as bullying† (Rayner et al. , 2002, p. 24) Some researchers find workplace bullying in a huge number of harmful conditions arising out of nonverbal and verbal contact.Ramsey (2002) believe, that workplace bullying is: â€Å"Any behaviour that frightens, threatens or intimidates another person qualifies as bullying. Besides physical force, the most common types of bullying include: verbal abuse, written, spoken or implied threats, name-calling and racial slurs, vandalism, put-downs. † (p. 2) Randall (2001) argues that bullying is â€Å"the aggressive behaviour arising from the deliberate intent to cause physical and psychological distress to others† (p. 9)Australian researchers like, O’Hagan (2002) believe that workplace bullying is â€Å"workplace behaviour that is inappropriate, unreasonable, humiliating, denigrating, that offends and intimidates, and affects health , well-being and undermines productivity. † (p. 1) However, American researchers define workplace bullying as â€Å"emotional assault that begins when an individual becomes a target of disrespectful and harmful behaviours, innuendo, rumours, and public discrediting; a hostile environment is created in which one individual gathers others to willingly, or unwillingly, participate in continuous malevolent actions to force a person out†¦The individual experiences increasing distress, illness and social misery. † (Davenport et al. , 2002, p. 33) Scandinavian researchers argue that bullying lies in â€Å"harassing, offending, socially excluding someone or negatively affecting someone's work tasks. In order for the label bullying (or mobbing) to be applied to a particular activity, interaction or process it has to occur repeatedly and regularly (i. e. , weekly) and over a period of time (i. e. , about six months).Bullying is an escalating process in the course of which t he person confronted ends up in an inferior position and becomes the target of systematic negative social acts. A conflict cannot be called bullying if the incident is an isolated event or if two parties of approximately equal ‘strength' are in conflict’ (Einarsen et al. , 2003, p. 15) British researcher Glendinning (2001) posits that workplace bullying is â€Å"a management style that uses â€Å"repeated aggressive behaviour that deliberately causes physical or psychological torment† (pp. 3-4).He adds that it is also, â€Å"the repeated, less favourable treatment of a person by another in the workplace, which may be considered unreasonable and inappropriate workplace practice. It includes behaviour that intimidates, offends, degrades, or humiliates a worker, possibly in front of co-workers, clients or customers (pp. 3-4). Most literature uses the term bullying to label this extreme, persistent form of workplace abuse. Despite the common terminology in internat ional research, the term workplace bullying has yet to become widely used by American and Japanese academics (Lutgen-Sandvik, 2005).The following definition is a essence of the aforementioned body of work: Workplace bullying is a pattern of persistent, offensive, intimidating, malicious, insulting, or exclusionary discursive and non-discursive behaviours that targets perceive as intentional efforts to harm, control, or drive them from the workplace. Bullying is often escalatory in nature and linked to hostile work environments. The principal effects are damage or impairment to targets and workgroups and obstruction of organizational goals and processes. Legal OverviewWorkplace bullying erodes interpersonal relationships outside of work (Davenport et al. , 2002), and evidence â€Å"points to the potential for damage to those who have witnessed bullying at work† (Rayner et al. , 2002, p. 189). Co-workers are secondary targets of workplace bullying, similar to persons who witnes s and are psychologically marked by acts of workplace violence and murder (Barling, 1996). When co-workers witness others being bullied, they make the quite logical assumption that they could be targeted in a similar fashion and hypervigilance becomes a permanent feature of work life (Lockhart, 1997).Fear, emotional exhaustion, and guilt increase the likelihood of staff turnover. Furthermore, witnesses report higher stress levels and intentions to leave than do non-observers (Vartia, 2001). Given the destructive results of bullying, many find it difficult to believe this behaviour is unintentional. Even the detailed list of examples of harassment is not exhaustive and perpetrators can constantly think up new ways of tormenting their victims.Harassment can occur in numerous ways, some of which will be obvious but there will be others, quite subtle and difficult to explain. Further examples of harassment are the withholding of information which can affect the victim’s performan ce, ignoring views and opinions, setting unreasonable/impossible deadlines, giving unmanageable workloads, humiliating staff in front of others, being shouted at or being the target of spontaneous rage. As such, harassment can take a variety of shapes and forms and can manifest itself in the unlikeliest of situations.(Tehrani, 2001) In the UK, it is important to specify and identify harassment separately as, unlike bullying, many forms of discrimination are outlawed by specific legislation to which a victim can turn for recourse. The Health and Safety Executive of the United Kingdom states that bullying at work is a cause of stress. They state that â€Å"stress at work can be triggered or made worse where ‘there is prolonged conflict between individuals, including †¦ bullying or where staff are treated with contempt or indifference. † (Unison, 2003)Persistent exposure to bullying is also likely to lead to behavioural and attitudinal problems among workers. It can l ead to an increase in accidents, lack of concentration and increased use of alcohol and tobacco consumption. Exposure to persistent and regular bullying may also make it difficult for workers to cope with daily tasks. Other symptoms of bullying include anxiety, headaches, nausea, ulcers, various illnesses of organs such as the kidney, contemplating suicide, sleeplessness, skin rashes, irritable bowel syndrome, high blood pressure, bursting into tears and loss of self-confidence.

Hillary Rodham vs Michelle Obama Essay - 719 Words

Compare and Contrast Essay Brian L. Marone Excelsior College maronebrian@gmail.com English 101 Instructor: BK Harvey 16 January 2013 Hillary Clinton Vs Michelle Obama Many people usually spend the majority their time comparing the past and present presidents against each other. They always talk about the things the presidents have accomplished leaving behind a great legacy, but they never consider the great women behind the man. Hillary Rodham Clinton and Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama are both very different accomplished First Ladies. Both women had different college career paths. Hillary first attracted national attention in 1969 for her remarks as the first student commencement speaker at Wellesley College.†¦show more content†¦Michelle served as an associate at the Chicago office of the law firm Sidley Austin. At the firm, she worked on marketing and intellectual property. In 1991, she held public sector positions in the Chicago city government as an Assistant to the Mayor and as Assistant Commissioner of Planning and Development. In 1993, she became Executive Director for the Chicago office o f Public Allies, a non-profit organization encouraging young people to work on social issues in nonprofit groups and government agencies. She worked there nearly four years and set fundraising records for the organization that still stood 12 years after she left. Hillary and Michelle both have contributed differently to the nation as First Lady. In January 1993, Hillary Clinton headed a Task Force on National Health Care Reform known as the Clinton health care plan, a proposal that required employers to provide health coverage to their employees through individual health maintenance organizations. Hillary supported the passage of the State Childrens Health Insurance Program in 1997, and promoted nationwide immunization against childhood illnesses and encouraged older women to seek a mammogram to detect breast cancer, with coverage provided by Medicare. Hillary inspired various medical improvements throughout all areas of medical care and treatment. Michelle supported the econom ic stimulus bill in visits to the United